Effects of bisphenol A, phthalates and triclosan on gut microbiome and its impact on host pathophysiology across different species

Environmental pollutants like endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), unhealthy lifestyle and genetic predisposition have a major impact on the gut microbiota leading to dysbiosis, thus causing chronic diseases. This narrative review highlights of three most common EDCs, bisphenol A (BPA), phthalates triclosan in terms increase opportunistic pathogens, alterations host metabolic profiles immune response associated pathophysiological changes across different species. BPA exposure led significant Bacteroides, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria Akkermansia spp. all species (mice, zebra fish, rabbits, humans rats). Phthalates showed diverse microbiota. Infants increased abundance Firmicutes events antibiotic resistance after exposure. Changes amino acid metabolism biosynthesis purines, pyrimidines serotonin were found irrespective EDC type. Associated included inflammatory cytokines, disruption intestinal barrier, colonic inflammation, etc. The evidence from this reveals that EDCs cause dysbiosis Any these could be used as models test potential preventive therapeutic interventions. Overall, microbiome profile should considered part screening for diseases among susceptible individuals aim towards restoring healthy microbiome.